Table of Contents
Preface, xiii
Acknowledgments,
xv
I. International Relations in a Political
Setting 1
1. The Study of International Relations 3
- The
Traditionalist and Scientific Approaches to International Relations, 5
- A
Plea for Humanism, 10
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 12
2. What Is Politics? 13
- Alternative
Styles of Politics, 14
- Three
Approaches to Politics, 17
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 23
3. Theories and Theory Building in
International Relations 25
- Units
and Levels of Analysis, 26
- The
Utility of Theory in International Relations, 28
- Limitations
on Theory Building in International Relations, 29
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 34
II. National Actors: Their Attributes,
Interests, and Policies 35
4. The Nation-State and Nationalism 37
- Ethnic
Pluralism, 38
- The
Roots of Nationalism, 42
- The
Rise of Modern Nationalism, 44
- National
Sovereignty, 47
- Challenges
to Nationalism, 50
- Prospects
for Nationalism, 52
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 54
5. Power and Capabilities of Nation-States 56
- The
Imprecision of Power as a Concept, 56
- Attempts
to Operationalize the Definition of Power, 58
- The
Power Profiles of Nation-States, 64
- Can
We Return to a Single Useful Concept of Power? 71
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 73
6. National Interests and Other Interests 74
- Defining
the National Interest: An Art or a Science? 75
- Hans
Morgenthau on National Interest, 77
- The
Fragmentation of National Interest, 81
- Global
Interests and Objectives, 87
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 88
7. Foreign Policies and Decision-Making
Processes of Nation-States 89
- Theorizing
About Foreign Policy, 90
- The
Study of Foreign-Policy Decision Making, 99
- A
“Revisionist” Critique of Decision-Making Theory, 106
- Formal
Attempts to Compare Foreign Policies, 107
- Conclusion,
110
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 111
III. International Political Processes:
Civilized Actors in a Primitive System (113)
8. Diplomacy 115
- Diplomacy
Among Nation-States: The Level of Negotiations, 115
- The
Functions of Diplomatic Missions, 118
- The
Structure and Instruments of Diplomacy, 120
- The
Changing Scope of Diplomacy, 123
- Secret
Versus Open Diplomacy, 125
- Profiles
of the Effective Diplomat, 127
- The
Prevalent Profile of “Effective” Statesmanship, 129
- Some
General Rules for “Good” Diplomats and Statesmen, 132
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 135
9. Political Warfare and Intelligence 136
- Intelligence
and Espionage, 136
- The
Intelligence Mission, 138
- Psychological
Warfare, 139
- Economic
Warfare, 140
- Political
Warfare, 142
- The
Organization of the Intelligence Mission, 143
- Profiles
of Secret Agents, 146
- Intelligence
in a Democracy, 149
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 150
10. War and Its Causes 152
- The
History of Warfare, 152
- Causes
of War, 157
- Conclusion,
169
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 170
11. Modes and Levels of Warfare
(171)
- Internal
War, 173
- International
War, 180
- The
Nuclear Problem, 183
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 185
12. The Control of Conflict in the
International System 187
- A
Word on Concepts, 190
- A
Historical Overview of Arms Control, 191
- Systems
of Arms-Control Verification, 194
- Social
Costs of Armaments, 196
- Law
of War, 199
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 202
13. The Balance-of-Power System and Its
Variations 204
- The
Concept of “Balance of Power,” 206
- The
Balance of Power in Modern History, 209
- Alternative
World Political Systems, 212
- The
Conflict Quotient of Various International Systems, 219
- Conclusion,
220
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 222
IV. The Rudimentary Institutions of the
International System 225
14. International Law: Fact or Fiction 227
- The
Concept of Law, 227
- The
Historical Development of International Law, 229
- The
Naturalist-Positivist Debate, 231
- The
Sources of International Law, 232
- The
Subjects of International Law, 235
- Recognition
of States and Governments, 236
- Jurisdiction
of States and Governments, 238
- The
Law of Treaties, 242
- The
“Laws” of War and Reprisals and Other Methods of Self-Help, 244
- Alternative
Perceptions of International Law, 248
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 250
15. The Great Experiments in Global
Organization 252
- Defining
International Organization, 252
- The
Historical Development of International Organizations, 256
- The
League of Nations, 261
- The
United Nations System of Organizations, 264
- Beyond
Peace Keeping, 270
- The
United Nations Record in Decolonization, 272
- The
International Protection of Human Rights, 274
- Assessment
of the United Nations System, 277
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 278
16. The Theory and Practice of
Functionalism and Regional Integration 280
- The
Theory of Integration, 282
- Problem
of Defining Regions, 284
- Regional
Defense Organizations, 286
- Regional
Functional Organizations: The Western European Experiment, 287
- Some
Generalizations About Regional Integration, 291
- The
Debate Between Regionalists and Universalists, 294
- Assessing
Regionalism, 295
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 299
17. The International Economy: Widening
the Political Net? 301
- The
Magnitude of Interdependence, 301
- International
Trade: The Argument Between Free Traders and Protectionists, 303
- The
Regulation of International Transactions, 307
- The
Balance of Payments as an Ingredient of National Power, 313
- International
Economic Institutions and the Planetary Economy, 315
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 319
V. The International System in Transition 321
18. The Gap Between Rich and Poor:
Reassessing the Meaning and Process of “Development”
(323)
- Economic
Development, 324
- Political
Development, 326
- Social
Development, 330
- Two
Strategies for the Development of Third World Countries, 333
- Objective
Indicators of Development, 336
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 340
19. New and Neglected Actors in the
International System 342
- Multinational
Corporations, 344
- Ethnicity
and Ethnic Groups: Neglected Actors in the Analysis of International
Relations, 352
- Terrorist
Movements and Organizations, 355
- Conclusion,
358
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 359
20. Challenges to the Existence of Mankind 361
- The
Threat of War, 362
- Ecocide,
365
- The
Population “Explosion,” 367
- Food
or Famine, 369
- Alienation,
372
- A
Parting Word, 376
- Suggestions
for Further Study, 377
Index, 378
