Middle East impasse : Sadat and Camp David

BOOK 1: BANGLADESH AND THE LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC MODEL

PREFACE | v

PROLOG: Political Dimensions of Independence: Asian Leaders and the Liberal Democratic Model of Government and Politics | ix

ONE: Ten Years of Ayub Khan and the Problem of National Integration | 1

TWO: Elite in Crisis: The Failure of Mujib-Yahya-Bhutto Negotiations | 26

THREE: Reflections on the National Liberation Movement and Some Post Liberation Priorities in Bangladesh | 53

FOUR: Bangladesh in 1972: Nation Building in a New State | 63

FIVE: Bangladesh in 1973: Management of Factional Politics | 79

SIX: Bangladesh: Constitutional Experimentation in the Aftermath of Liberation | 93

SEVEN: Bangabandhu and After: Conflict and Change in Bangladesh | 128

EIGHT: Members of Parliament in Bangladesh | 143

NINE: The Context of Electoral Participation in Bangladesh: Social Organization and Political Tradition | 161

TEN: The 1973 National Election in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Partisanship in Two Constituencies | 172

ELEVEN: The Zia Regime: Once Again At the Starting Point | 197

INDEX | 221

BOOK 2: THE UNION OF COMMUNIST YOUTH IN ROMANIA

Foreword | 9

I. THE UNION OF COMMUNIST YOUTH — THE POLITICAL REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATION OF THE YOUTH IN ROMANIA, RELIABLE SUPPORT OF THE PARTY IN THE COMMUNIST EDUCATION OF YOUTH | 13

1. Since Its Foundation the U.C.Y. Has Creditably Fulfilled Its Role of Organizer and Leader of the Youth’s Struggle for Social and National Liberation, Writing Everlasting Pages of Abnegation and Heroism in the Glorious History of this Country | 15
2. Under the Leadership of the Party the U.C.Y. Has Become a True School for Moulding the Young Generation of Builders of Socialism and Communism in Romania | 26
3. Youth’s Organizations — a Framework for the Youth Education and Its Participation in the Management of the Entire Political, Economic and Social Life | 35

II. YOUTH — AN ACTIVE FACTOR IN THE BUILDING OF THE MULTILATERALLY DEVELOPED SOCIALIST SOCIETY AND ROMANIA’S ADVANCE TOWARDS COMMUNISM | 47

1. The Youth of Our Homeland Creditably Respond to the Efforts Made by Society | 49
2. The Education of Youth through Work and for Work | 57
3. The Youth from Industry Have the Duty of Honour to Be in the First Ranks of the Struggle for Technological Progress, for the Modernization of Production, for Strengthening the new Developments in the Economy and Society | 62
4. The Youth from the Villages are Called to Make Their Contribution to the Fulfilment of the Development and Modernization...

[Section III Continued]

3. The Education of Youth in the Spirit of Socialist Patriotism, of Friendship and Brotherhood of All Working People, Irrespective of Nationality | 143

4. The U.C.Y. Members, All Youth Must Work and Live in Accordance with the Provisions of the Code of the Principles and Norms of Work and Life of the Communists, of the Socialist Ethics and Equity | 164

5. The Cultural, Educational and Sports Activity — an Inseparable Part of the Work of Shaping the New-type Man with a Progressive Conception, Active Participant in the Building of the Multilaterally Developed Socialist Society and of Communism | 169

6. Radio, Television, Arts and Literature, Besides Other Factors, Have Greater Tasks in the Work of Educating the Youth | 183

IV. THE YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF ROMANIA CONSISTENTLY PROMOTE THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE PARTY AND STATE | 193

1. The U.C.Y. — an Active Factor in Carrying out the Foreign Policy of the Party and State | 195
2. Youth in the Contemporary World | 205
3. Youth and European Security | 217

Index of Bibliographic Sources from the Work of Romania’s President, Nicolae Ceausescu | 225

BOOK 3: SUPER POWER RIVALRY AND CAMP DAVID

Foreword | viii

Preface | ix

Acknowledgements | xi

Chapter I: Introduction | 1

Chapter II: Super Power Rivalry: | 14

(i) Historical Perspective

(ii) From Bipolarity to Détente

Chapter III: Egypt under Anwar-el-Sadat: | 23

(i) Emergence of Sadat after Nasser

(ii) Sadat’s Policy Approach

Chapter IV: Super Power Rivalry despite Détente since the Seventies: | 36

(i) Change in American Global Strategy in the 70’s

(ii) The Russian Moves

Chapter V: Sadat and Camp David: | 52

(i) Sadat’s Initiative Towards Peace

(ii) The Camp David Accord

(iii) Analysis of the Various Aspects of the Treaty

(iv) Secret Accord in Camp David

(v) Economic Benefits

(vi) Concluding Observations on Camp David

Chapter VI: Reaction to Camp David and Subsequent Developments: | 69

(i) Reaction in West European Countries

(ii) The Japanese Reaction

(iii) The Chinese Position

(iv) Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel

(v) Arab Failure to Respond Unitedly

(vi) Super Power Confrontation as affecting Arab-Israeli Conflict

(vii) Israel’s Hardline

(viii) Major Internal Developments in Egypt

Chapter VII: Conclusion | 101

MAPS:

Map 1: Israel’s plan for acquiring Arab territory, 1971 | 117

Map 2: Arrangements for Sinai under Treaty of Peace between Egypt and Israel | 118

ANNEXURES:

Annexure I: Population Size, Oil Production and Military Strength of some of the Middle Eastern Countries | 119

Annexure II: Text of Agreements signed at Camp David on September 17, 1978:

(a) A Framework for Peace in the Middle East agreed at Camp David | 120

(b) Framework for the conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel | 130

Annexure III: Letters exchanged at Camp David:

(a) A letter addressed by Begin to President Carter at Camp David

(b) A letter addressed by Sadat to President Carter at Camp David

(c) A letter addressed to Begin by President Carter at Camp David

(d) A letter addressed to Sadat by President Carter at Camp David

Annexure IV: General Assembly Resolutions 3236 and 3237 | 133

Annexure V: Text of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 of November 22, 1967 | 134

Annexure VI: Text of United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 of October 22, 1973 | 136

Annexure VII: Treaty of Peace between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel | 137

Annexure VIII: Agreed Minutes to Articles I, IV, V and VI and Annexure I and III of the Treaty of Peace | 155

Annexure IX: Resolution 465 (1980)—adopted by the Security Council at its 2203D Meeting on March 1, 1980 | 158

Bibliography | 161

Index | 166