Non-alignment in international law and politics.

Foreword 10

Acknowledgements 11

I Introduction 13

II Conceptual Frame Work of Non Alignment 18

Non alignment Meaning 18

Criteria minimal for Non alignment 22

Objectives of Non alignment 23

Non alignment Pervasive misconceptions 25

III Fundamental Ascriptions of Non Alignment 32

of General 32

Non alignment Geopolitical Factors 33

Non alignment Economic Impulser 35

Non alignment Legacy of History 36

Non alignment Philosophical and Traditional Outlook 37

IV Non Alignment Indian Evolution 43

Pre independent Evaluation of Non alignment Approach

of Indian Elite 43

Non alignment Nehru’s Efforts 44

a Non alignment Membership in Commonwealth

b Non alignment A Constitutional Mandate

c Non alignment Panch Sheel

d Non alignment Kashmir Problem

e Non alignment Goa Conflict

f Non alignment out to test Chinese Aggression

Non alignment Shastri’s short spell 56

Non alignment Efforts of Mrs Indira Gandhi 56

a Indo Soviet Treaty

Non alignment Views of the Opposition Parties 59

a Communist Party of India

b Socialist Parties

c Janasangh View

d Swatantra Party View

New Perspective to the movement Janata’s Genuine Non

alignment 61

What is Genuine Non alignment

Inept handling Lokdal Caretaking 65

Tidy Comeback New Era of Mrs Indira Gandhi 66

V Non Alignment A Study of Other Representative Countries 71

Non Alignment Little Sri Lanka 71

a I Stage from 1948 56

b II Stage from 1956

Non Alignment U A R 74

a Suez Crisis

b Sino Indian War U A R

c Indo Pak War U A R

Non Alignment Yugoslavia 81

VI Non Alignment Perspective of Super Powers 86

General 86

Non alignment United States of America 87

Non alignment Union of Soviet Socialist Republic 90

VII From Bandung to New Delhi 93

An Assessment as to the Development of Non Alignment

A Afro Asian Movement Basic Foundations of Non

alignment 93

Emergence of Collective voice against Colonialism

Asian Relations Conference New Delhi 1947

Foundation for Afro Asian Movement New Delhi

Conference 1949

Move for Afro Asian Conference Colombo Prime

Ministers’ Meeting 1954

Preparatory Meeting for Bandung the Bogor Con

ference 1954

A Historic Afro Asian Leap Bandung Conference

1955

Amplification of Bandung Afro Asian People Solida

rity Movement 1955

B Non alignment Period of Consolidation 101

Big Three Meeting Brioni

From Regional Afro Asian Movement to Univertal

Non alignment Cairo Prepratory Conference 1961

Emergence of Exclusive Non aligned Group Belgrade

Conference 1961

Non alignment turn to Economic Reality The Cairo

Economic Conference 1962

A Formal Meeting Second Non aligned Summit Con

ference Cairo 1964

Second Bandung Algiers 1965 Abortives

Three Big Non aligned Summit New Delhi 1966

Prepartion for third Non aligned Conference Colombo

C Non alignment Confrontation with International

Problems 107

Preparatory Meeting Dar es Salam 1970

Trend of Economic Co operation and Anti Neo colonia

lism Third Non aligned Summit Conference Lusaka

1970

Quick Response Foreign Minister’s Conference of

Non aligned countries on South East Asia 1971

Non aligned Nations Committee Meeting 1972

A purposeful Conference Non aligned Foreign Minis

ters Conference George Town 1972

New Perspective to Non alignment in the age of

Detente Fourth Non aligned Summit Conference

Algiers 1973

Anglo American base on Diego Garcia condemned

1974

Agricultural Development Fund Non aligned Minis

terial Conference Lima 1975

Technical and Scientifie Co operation Havana Decla

ration of Non aligned Nations 1976

Industrial Co operation Non aligned Tripartite Meet

ing Cairo 1976

Press Agencies Pool Non aligned Nations Ministerial

Conference New Delhi 1976

New Economic Order Historic Non aligned Summit

Conference Colombo 1976

Colombo in Action Conference of Foreign Ministers of

Co ordination Bureau of Non aligned Countries New

Delhi 1977

Non aligned Bureau Meet in Havana May 1978

Threat of Intra Non aligned Conflict Non aligned

Foreign Ministers Conference Belgrade July 1978

Preparation for Havana Summit Foreign Ministers

Conference Cuba

Havana High mark of Ideological Controversy

Spirit of Conciliation Conference of Foreign Ministers of

Non aligned Nations New Delhi 9 14 Feb 1981 121

Co ordination Bureau Meeting

Preparatory Meeting of the Foreign Ministers

Conference of Non aligned Nations

Conference of Non aligned Foreign Ministers

20th Anniversary Commemorative Session

VIII Non Alignment and International Law 133

General 133

Status of Non alignment in International Law 133

Impact of Non alignment on International Law 135

a Effect of Non alignment over International Law

Through its Conferences 137

i End of Colonialism

ii Racial Discrimination and Aparthied

iii Principles of Co existence

iv Non Intervention

v Indian Ocean Peace Zone Proposal

vi Disarmament and Security

vii Strengthening of United Nations

viii The New International Economic Order

b Contribution of Non aligned Countries to the

Development of International Law 150

c Law of the Sea 151

IX Conclusion 156

Annexure I 163

Annexure II 164

Annexure III 166

Bibliography 168

Index 174