THE HISTORIC MAKKAH DECLARATION: AN ANALYTICAL AND EVALUATIVE STUDY

This comprehensive analytical study examines the historic Makkah Declaration issued during the Islamic Summit of 1981, assessing its significance for Muslim unity, international relations, and contemporary Islamic political thought. The article explores the historical context that led to the declaration, including regional conflicts, superpower competition, and internal challenges within the Muslim world. The research investigates the key principles and objectives outlined in the declaration, analyzing how they address both spiritual unity and practical cooperation among Muslim states. The study examines the declaration's treatment of critical issues including Palestinian rights, Afghan sovereignty, and economic cooperation among Islamic countries. The article assesses the implementation mechanisms established to realize the declaration's objectives and evaluates progress achieved in the subsequent years. The research also analyzes the declaration's impact on international organizations, particularly the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and its influence on global Muslim political consciousness. Furthermore, the study considers the declaration's relevance for addressing contemporary challenges facing the Muslim world.

The Makkah Declaration of 1981 represented a significant moment in contemporary Islamic political history, with this article providing a comprehensive analytical and evaluative study of its content, context, and consequences. The research begins by examining the historical circumstances that prompted the Islamic Summit and the drafting of the Makkah Declaration, including the Iranian Revolution, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict, and broader Cold War dynamics affecting Muslim countries. The analysis explores the philosophical foundations of the declaration, examining how it synthesizes Islamic principles with contemporary international relations concepts to address the challenges facing the Muslim world. The article investigates the declaration's treatment of political issues, analyzing its positions on Palestinian self-determination, Afghan sovereignty, and the rights of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries. The study examines the economic dimensions of the declaration, assessing its vision for enhanced cooperation among Muslim states in trade, finance, and development. The research evaluates the institutional mechanisms established to implement the declaration, including strengthened OIC secretariat functions, specialized committees, and follow-up mechanisms. Based on the comprehensive assessment, the article analyzes both the achievements and limitations in realizing the declaration's objectives and identifies factors that have facilitated or constrained its implementation. The findings provide valuable insights into the challenges of building unity in the diverse Muslim world and contribute to understanding how religious solidarity can inform international cooperation in the contemporary global system.